EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database Results Provided by the World Resources Institute (http://www.wri.org) "Water Resources and Freshwater Ecosystems -- Industrial Water Pollution: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions" "Units: kilograms per day" ,,2002,2001,2000,1999,1998,1997,1996,1995,1994,1993,1992,1991,1990,1989,1988,1987,1986,1985,1984,1983,1982,1981,1980, Country "Afghanistan","AFG",236,132,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,5864,5941,5420,5426,4897,5159,5974,7135,6680, "Albania","ALB",..,..,..,..,..,6512,5844,4654,7274,12476,..,..,34785,33175,30175,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Algeria","DZA",..,..,..,..,..,45645,77574,92091,104432,103825,103212,111945,106978,104159,106543,106042,108425,99255,93523,..,..,..,60290, "Angola","AGO",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1472,3744,4544,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., 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"Philippines","PHL",..,..,..,..,..,201952,193686,164228,163268,167924,172636,224121,228301,176225,162265,134608,126469,127221,126193,137173,192532,190203,182052, "Poland","POL",..,..,416935,440224,477757,480700,475085,473184,445720,343910,365580,400426,428894,459075,473900,479609,484425,483867,540683,545931,549345,582240,580869, "Portugal","PRT",..,..,133570,139503,136612,145008,146325,136590,142250,143275,143988,151011,147873,94340,94918,96381,97474,97563,98347,103496,104579,106199,105441, "Puerto Rico","PRI",..,..,15367,16207,16800,17494,17961,18202,17612,17876,18152,17403,19026,24475,24053,23193,23155,22554,22884,22088,21378,22756,24034, "Qatar","QAT",4520,4493,4380,..,..,..,..,..,3714,3519,3804,2965,2765,..,2592,2694,2565,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Romania","ROU",..,..,38395,42420,50694,57748,63213,65383,333168,350482,362301,393769,413864,362826,357325,362415,367031,363090,360687,359355,351943,347365,343145, "Russian Federation","RUS",1518704,1484991,1479208,1425300,1485833,1546910,1615346,1695074,1799171,1911348,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Rwanda","RWA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1624,2165,2493,..,..,..,.., "Saudi Arabia","SAU",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,24436,..,..,18476,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,18181,.., "Senegal","SEN",6603,7317,6643,7867,6552,10488,12264,10315,8840,7631,8042,10334,10309,11635,6838,7294,7413,7415,10093,10713,11833,10969,9865, "Serbia and Montenegro","YUG",..,98696,101535,106409,117128,119790,123247,123680,124397,127921,133394,137795,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Seychelles","SYC",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,265,265,276,275,251,240,233, "Sierra Leone","SLE",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,4170,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,2118,1612,.., "Singapore","SGP",33644,31669,32184,31923,32802,33693,33657,33873,34005,33675,33519,33400,32364,31260,30043,27074,25171,25735,27616,27648,28347,28433,28558, "Slovakia","SVK",..,..,..,45011,57970,61108,..,..,64293,67057,69652,77174,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Slovenia","SVN",38390,37790,38813,38434,38074,38187,40212,41045,42773,43707,48930,52971,55640,59791,46723,46787,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Solomon Islands","SLB",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,479,478,469,410,586, "Somalia","SOM",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,6177,..,..,..,..,..,.., "South Africa","ZAF",221256,225080,245638,245891,251285,257031,262696,265534,262178,269343,253463,256686,261618,261828,259909,255515,245184,246726,249220,244901,249441,245623,237599, "Spain","ESP",..,..,374589,361573,347701,346074,341942,338801,343415,350050,309254,318537,320262,318132,312284,302412,297934,299807,311270,328207,335382,353927,376254, "Sri Lanka","LKA",..,..,88943,83058,83885,76736,85098,83850,85116,85426,53400,51373,53024,47686,40654,41877,45118,44595,46528,50847,76328,30001,30086, "St. Vincent & Grenadines","VCT",..,311,311,300,298,303,303,266,261,241,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Suriname","SUR",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1698,1845,1813,1845,1927,1934,2160,2050,2100,1905,1976,1994,1824,1810, "Swaziland","SWZ",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,2009,1930,1880,1859,1847,6586,5815,3947,3934,3877,3759,3442,3088,3233,3226,2826, "Sweden","SWE",..,..,103913,101243,100404,99176,96745,96239,94744,93955,103933,112275,109583,114080,115416,115941,116481,116381,117079,117694,120848,126599,130439, "Switzerland","CHE",..,..,..,..,..,..,123752,129050,130141,129252,134640,143659,146038,143474,140797,139297,138533,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Syrian Arab Rep","SYR",..,..,..,..,15115,15137,14678,14791,14982,21839,22489,22542,21702,22072,21444,21262,21587,21377,22439,19439,38233,38023,36262, "Tanzania","TZA",..,..,..,35155,33325,32044,31417,31733,31700,..,..,32508,31125,..,27711,26489,25232,20099,20834,21928,22471,21701,21084, "Thailand","THA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,355819,354282,..,257061,291552,259199,214512,..,164885,..,267625,..,213271,..,.., "Togo","TGO",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,964,999,1174,1110,963, "Tonga","TON",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,233,249,293,238,241,247,352,394,305,255,260,234,..,334,277, "Trinidad and Tobago","TTO",..,..,7945,7421,7010,..,..,11787,11851,11475,10440,10432,9951,9917,6262,6285,6531,7005,7485,7598,8106,8354,7835, "Tunisia","TUN",54191,49337,57446,57462,57024,54197,45806,44289,42931,44551,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,22166,20294, "Turkey","TUR",..,..,188199,187682,198425,185647,176713,170944,166174,173952,177346,166297,177264,178970,174384,169460,166713,161724,162435,154924,161783,157463,160173, "Uganda","UGA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,16728,4084,3465,2896,5621,8194,..,..,..,.., "Ukraine","UKR",..,445758,466040,499886,518887,510573,539279,551834,585844,631637,668800,679383,692373,702999,708376,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "United Arab Emirates","ARE",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,5638,..,..,..,4524,.., "United Kingdom","GBR",..,..,615410,625681,650907,604462,596908,682404,691002,638709,680865,703794,739562,753009,746563,740782,744544,751996,777046,770364,810348,866881,964510, "United States","USA",..,1897480,1979372,2562262,2605782,2595474,2557573,2571356,2529493,2529399,2521616,2498355,2565226,2564299,2569847,2543697,2454376,2494228,2539229,2509682,2563368,2697405,2742993, "Uruguay","URY",..,..,16362,17972,19033,25284,25673,27770,29758,31495,33894,36560,38661,39313,29503,30133,30099,29439,28845,29129,29605,33134,34270, "Venezuela","VEN",..,..,..,..,94175,86730,79392,78395,92643,93928,100789,102635,96495,96873,99951,95741,85909,84685,82979,83698,83570,82544,84797, "Yemen","YEM",..,13082,13496,12314,12568,..,7823,7720,7462,8270,7735,7447,6873,6798,6526,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., "Zambia","ZMB",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,11433,..,..,..,15880,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,13795,14243,13605, "Zimbabwe","ZWE",..,..,..,..,..,..,26810,33550,32635,35217,41746,38741,37149,37562,37496,35848,35638,35043,34647,35892,35963,34490,32681, Footnotes No footnotes Source "Development Data Group, The World Bank. 2006. 2006 World Development Indicators Online. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Available at: http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/catalog/product?item_id=631625." Technical Notes "Adapted from the World Bank's World Development Indicators" "" "Definition:" "Organic water pollutant emissions are measured in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. For example, an overload of sewage in natural waters exhausts the water's dissolved oxygen content. Low levels of dissolved oxygen in water can impact the health of aquatic resources and ecosystems. BOD is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants. Data are given in kilograms per day." "" "Years Covered and Frequency of Update:" "The World Bank publishes the World Development Indicators each April. As of 2006, data are available annually from 1980 to 2002." "" "Methodology:" "The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a water sample is usually measured by monitoring the change in dissolved oxygen concentration, in a laboratory environment, over a fixed period of time and at a fixed temperature. The difference between the final dissolved oxygen concentration and the initial dissolved oxygen concentration represents the oxygen consumed (or BOD) in breaking down the organic materials in the sample." "" "A 1998 World Bank study carried out by Hettige, Mani, and Wheeler used plant and sector-level information on organic emissions (measured by BOD) and employment from 13 national environmental protection agencies and sector-level information on output and employment from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Their economic analysis found that the ratio of BOD to employment in each industrial sector is about the same across countries. This finding allowed the authors to estimate BOD intensities per unit of employment across countries and over time. Multiplying these estimates by sectoral employment numbers from UNIDO's industry database for 1980 to 1998 provides sectoral emissions, which were then used to calculate daily emissions of organic water pollutants (BOD). These data were later updated through 2002 using the same methodology. For further information, please refer to the Hettige, Mani, and Wheeler print publication Industrial Pollution in Economic Development: Kuznets Revisited." "" "Data Reliability:" "This dataset focuses on organic water pollution resulting from industrial activities measured by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Organic matter can also come from sources that are not as easily identifiable as those associated with industrial activities. Such sources are known as non-point sources and some examples include agricultural runoff and livestock operations. These non-point sources can contribute significantly to the oxygen demand in water and are not represented by the data displayed here. Since water pollution tends to be sensitive to local conditions, the national level data may not reflect the quality of water in specific locations. " "" "Since BOD is typically measured in a laboratory environment, where it is difficult to reproduce ambient conditions like temperature, sunlight, and water movement, the measurement should be considered an estimate. For additional information on BOD testing, please refer to: Delzer, G.C., and McKenzie, S.W. 2003. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (3d ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations. Book 9/A7/7.0." "" "The data, however, are fairly reliable because sampling techniques for measuring water pollution are more widely understood and much less expensive than those for air pollution."