EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database Results Provided by the World Resources Institute (http://www.wri.org) "Agriculture and Food -- Agricultural Inputs: Water use intensity" "Units: Cubic meters per hectare per year (m^3/ha/yr)" ,,2000, Country "Afghanistan","AFG",2839.0, "Albania","ALB",1516.5, "Algeria","DZA",481.0, "Angola","AGO",63.6, "Antigua and Barbuda {1}","ATG",100.0, "Argentina","ARG",744.6, "Armenia","ARM",3464.3, "Australia","AUS",378.4, "Austria","AUT",13.6, "Azerbaijan","AZE",5648.8, "Bahrain","BHR",28333.3, "Bangladesh","BGD",8999.3, "Barbados","BRB",1176.5, "Belarus","BLR",134.2, "Belize","BLZ",303.0, "Benin {2}","BEN",21.7, "Bhutan","BTN",2500.0, "Bolivia","BOL",370.5, "Botswana","BWA",210.5, "Brazil","BRA",561.8, "Bulgaria","BGR",521.4, "Burkina Faso","BFA",168.3, "Burundi","BDI",168.2, "Cambodia","KHM",1041.7, "Cameroon","CMR",102.0, "Canada","CAN",103.7, "Cape Verde","CPV",425.5, "Côte d'Ivoire","CIV",88.2, "Central African Rep","CAF",0.5, "Chad","TCD",53.5, "Chile","CHL",3429.4, "China","CHN",2871.4, "Colombia","COL",1082.5, "Comoros {3}","COM",36.7, "Congo {4}","COG",7.3, "Congo, Dem Rep","COD",14.1, "Costa Rica","CRI",2723.8, "Cuba","CUB",1301.3, "Cyprus","CYP",1250.7, "Czech Rep","CZE",18.1, "Denmark","DNK",235.9, "Djibouti","DJI",3000.0, "Dominican Rep","DOM",1699.5, "Ecuador","ECU",4686.1, "Egypt","EGY",17927.7, "El Salvador","SLV",853.9, "Equatorial Guinea","GNQ",4.3, "Eritrea {5}","ERI",916.7, "Estonia","EST",9.4, "Ethiopia {6}","ETH",489.2, "Fiji","FJI",175.4, "Finland","FIN",30.1, "France","FRA",200.2, "Gabon","GAB",101.0, "Gambia","GMB",69.0, "Georgia","GEO",2005.6, "Germany","DEU",774.5, "Ghana","GHA",106.9, "Greece","GRC",1621.7, "Guatemala","GTM",819.3, "Guinea","GIN",850.0, "Guinea-Bissau","GNB",262.8, "Guyana","GUY",3137.3, "Haiti","HTI",845.5, "Honduras","HND",483.5, "Hungary","HUN",510.1, "Iceland","ISL",28.6, "India","IND",3289.4, "Indonesia","IDN",2250.0, "Iran, Islamic Rep","IRN",3912.9, "Iraq","IRQ",6790.8, "Ireland","IRL",0.2, "Israel","ISR",3018.9, "Italy","ITA",1773.3, "Jamaica","JAM",704.2, "Japan","JPN",11434.8, "Jordan","JOR",2733.8, "Kazakhstan","KAZ",1321.1, "Kenya {7}","KEN",388.7, "Korea, Dem People's Rep","PRK",1771.4, "Korea, Rep","KOR",4650.7, "Kuwait","KWT",19166.7, "Kyrgyzstan","KGZ",6640.9, "Lao People's Dem Rep","LAO",2818.4, "Latvia","LVA",40.7, "Lebanon","LBN",2771.1, "Lesotho","LSO",29.9, "Liberia","LBR",100.8, "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","LBY",1648.4, "Lithuania","LTU",6.8, "Madagascar","MDG",4088.6, "Malawi","MWI",361.6, "Malaysia","MYS",736.4, "Maldives {8}","MDV",0.0, "Mali","MLI",1262.3, "Malta","MLT",1111.1, "Mauritania","MRT",3000.0, "Mauritius {9}","MUS",4632.1, "Mexico","MEX",2186.2, "Moldova, Rep","MDA",351.5, "Mongolia","MNG",195.6, "Morocco","MAR",1140.7, "Mozambique","MOZ",133.0, "Myanmar","MMR",3109.2, "Namibia","NAM",259.8, "Nepal","NPL",4042.8, "Netherlands","NLD",2849.6, "New Zealand","NZL",266.4, "Nicaragua","NIC",502.1, "Niger","NER",143.4, "Nigeria","NGA",178.6, "Norway","NOR",260.2, "Oman","OMN",15375.0, "Pakistan","PAK",7410.0, "Panama","PAN",334.3, "Papua New Guinea","PNG",1.2, "Paraguay","PRY",112.5, "Peru","PER",3832.0, "Philippines","PHL",1981.2, "Poland","POL",94.2, "Portugal","PRT",3765.0, "Qatar","QAT",10000.0, "Romania","ROU",1333.3, "Russian Federation","RUS",108.0, "Rwanda","RWA",88.7, "Saudi Arabia","SAU",4074.0, "Senegal {10}","SEN",824.0, "Seychelles {11}","SYC",150.0, "Sierra Leone","SLE",636.4, "Singapore {12}","SGP",950.0, "Somalia {13}","SOM",2571.3, "South Africa","ZAF",498.7, "Spain","ESP",1324.3, "Sri Lanka","LKA",6282.7, "Sudan","SDN",2206.1, "Suriname","SUR",9253.7, "Swaziland","SWZ",5267.0, "Sweden","SWE",96.0, "Switzerland","CHE",114.4, "Syrian Arab Rep","SYR",3537.0, "Tajikistan","TJK",10359.2, "Tanzania {14}","TZA",454.1, "Thailand","THA",4299.8, "Togo {15}","TGO",28.9, "Trinidad and Tobago","TTO",163.9, "Tunisia","TUN",433.9, "Turkey","TUR",1056.1, "Turkmenistan","TKM",12553.5, "Uganda {16}","UGA",16.7, "Ukraine","UKR",587.8, "United Arab Emirates","ARE",6356.3, "United Kingdom","GBR",47.2, "United States","USA",1110.5, "Uruguay","URY",2141.3, "Uzbekistan","UZB",11268.4, "Venezuela","VEN",1165.9, "Viet Nam","VNM",5974.4, "Yemen","YEM",3786.7, "Zambia","ZMB",249.7, "Zimbabwe {17}","ZWE",990.4, Footnotes "1 -- Antigua and Barbuda" "1990 value" "2 -- Benin" "2001 value" "3 -- Comoros" "1999 value" "4 -- Congo" "2002 value" "5 -- Eritrea" "2004 value" "6 -- Ethiopia" "2002 value" "7 -- Kenya" "2003 value" "8 -- Maldives" "1987 value" "9 -- Mauritius" "2003 value" "10 -- Senegal" "2002 value" "11 -- Seychelles" "2003 value" "12 -- Singapore" "1975 value" "13 -- Somalia" "2003 value" "14 -- Tanzania" "2002 value" "15 -- Togo" "2002 value" "16 -- Uganda" "2002 value" "17 -- Zimbabwe" "2002 value" Source "Water Use Data:" "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Land and Water Development Division. 2007. AQUASTAT Information System on Water and Agriculture: Online database. Rome: FAO. Available on-line at http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dbase/index.stm." "" "Arable and Permanent Cropland Data:" "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2008. FAOSTAT Online Statistical Service. Rome: FAO. Available online at: http://faostat.fao.org." "" Technical Notes "Definition:" "Water use intensity is the amount of water used in the agricultural sector per hectare of temporary and permanent cropland in the year specified. This indicator shows a country's dependence on irrigation for agricultural production. Data are given in cubic meters per hectare per year." "" "All water use is attributed to one of three categories: agricultural, domestic, or industrial. Water use for agriculture is defined as the water withdrawals that are attributed to the agricultural sector, used primarily for irrigation." "" "Temporary and permanent cropland is the total area of both temporary and permanent cropland utilized in a given country each year." "" "Temporary cropland, called ""arable land"" in FAO terms, refers to land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category. Data for ""arable land"" are not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable." "" "Permanent cropland refers to land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee and rubber; this category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber." "" "Years Covered and Frequency of Updates:" "Water use data are not available in time series. The water use data used to calculate water use intensity are from 2000 and were compiled by the Food and Agricultural Orgnation of the United Nations (FAO)'s AQUASTAT global information system on water and agriculture. AQUASTAT updates their website as new data become available, or when FAO conducts special regional studies." "" "Temporary and permanent cropland data are available for the years 1961-2005. The data used to calculate water use intensity are from the year 2000, unless a different year is specified in footnotes. FAO updates the land use data annually. The most recent land use updates were made in July 2007." "" "Methodology:" "WRI calculates water use intensity by dividing a country's total water withdrawals for agricultural purposes by the total area of temporary and permanent cropland in that country for that year." "" "Irrigation is the primary use of water in the agricultural sector. To estimate the pressure of irrigation on the available water resources, an assessment has to be made both of water withdrawal for agriculture and irrigation water requirements. Data on country water withdrawal for agriculture have been collected through AQUASTAT country surveys. Data on water requirement ratios are generally not easily available at field, irrigation scheme, or river basin levels. At country level, only very scattered and unreliable information is available. For this reason, a regional rather than national approach was used to assess water requirement ratios. For more information on the determination of agricultural water use please refer to AQUASTAT’s methodology." "" "AQUASTAT collects its information from a number of sources: national water resources and irrigation master plans; national yearbooks, statistics and reports; reports from FAO; international surveys; and, results from surveys made by national or international research centers. In most cases, the information was analyzed to ensure consistency between the different data collected for a given country." "" "When possible, cross-checking of information between countries was used by the FAO to improve assessment in countries where information was limited. When several sources give different or contradictory figures, preference was always given to information collected at national or sub-national level. This preference is based on the assumption that no regional information can be more accurate than studies carried out at the country level. Unless proven to be wrong, official rather than unofficial sources were used. In the case of shared water resources, a comparison between countries was made to ensure consistency at river-basin level. " "" "Data on land use is reported by country governments through surveys distributed by the FAO. However, for the data used to calculate water use intensity, a significant proportion of data are based on estimates conducted by the FAO, and some data are based on unofficial estimates. For more information on these data, please refer to the FAO Production Yearbook." "" "Data Reliability:" "Previous data collection processes through AQUASTAT have shown that figures for agricultural water use and water use productivity are not always available at country level. If such data exist, they are in most cases not very reliable. This is mainly due to the complexity of the assessment methods and to the absence of direct measurement of water withdrawal for agriculture." "" "While AQUASTAT represents the most complete and careful compilation of water resources statistics to date, freshwater data are generally of poor quality. Information sources are various but rarely complete. Access to information on water resources is still sometimes restricted for reasons related to sensitivity at the regional level. The accuracy and reliability of the information vary greatly among regions, countries, and categories of information, as does the year in which the information was gathered. As a result, no consistency can be ensured at the regional level on the duration and dates of the period of reference." "" "For more information, please refer to the original data source or to the 2003 print publication Review of World Water Resources by Country in FAO's AQUASTAT Programme." "" "Definitions of temporary and permanent cropland used by reporting countries vary considerably and items classified under the same category often relate to greatly differing kinds of land. Additionally, data is reported by individual countries, which may have varying capacities for data collection. The FAO attempts to ensure the quality of these data, but cannot ensure that all data are accurate." "" "Due to the variability associated with each of the datasets used to calculate water use intensity, the values presented here should be considered as crude estimates only. "