EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database Results
Provided by the World Resources Institute (http://www.wri.org)
"Energy and Resources -- Public Health: Solid fuel use"

"Units: Percent (%)"

,,2004,
Country
"Afghanistan","AFG",> 95,
"Albania","ALB",50,
"Algeria","DZA",< 5,
"Andorra","AND",< 5,
"Angola","AGO",> 95,
"Antigua and Barbuda","ATG",46,
"Argentina","ARG",< 5,
"Armenia","ARM",26,
"Australia","AUS",< 5,
"Austria","AUT",< 5,
"Azerbaijan","AZE",49,
"Bahamas","BHS",< 5,
"Bahrain","BHR",< 5,
"Bangladesh","BGD",91,
"Barbados","BRB",< 5,
"Belarus","BLR",19,
"Belgium","BEL",< 5,
"Belize","BLZ",43,
"Benin","BEN",95,
"Bolivia","BOL",25,
"Bosnia and Herzegovina","BIH",51,
"Botswana","BWA",65,
"Brazil","BRA",12,
"Bulgaria","BGR",17,
"Burkina Faso","BFA",> 95,
"Burundi","BDI",> 95,
"Cambodia","KHM",> 95,
"Cameroon","CMR",83,
"Canada","CAN",< 5,
"Cape Verde","CPV",36,
"Côte d'Ivoire","CIV",74,
"Central African Rep","CAF",> 95,
"Chad","TCD",> 95,
"Chile","CHL",< 5,
"China","CHN",80,
"Colombia","COL",20,
"Comoros","COM",77,
"Congo","COG",85,
"Congo, Dem Rep","COD",> 95,
"Costa Rica","CRI",23,
"Croatia","HRV",12,
"Cuba","CUB",21,
"Cyprus","CYP",< 5,
"Czech Rep","CZE",< 5,
"Denmark","DNK",< 5,
"Djibouti","DJI",5,
"Dominica","DMA",21,
"Dominican Rep","DOM",18,
"Ecuador","ECU",< 5,
"Egypt","EGY",< 5,
"El Salvador","SLV",33,
"Eritrea","ERI",80,
"Estonia","EST",18,
"Ethiopia","ETH",> 95,
"Fiji","FJI",40,
"Finland","FIN",< 5,
"France","FRA",< 5,
"Gabon","GAB",28,
"Gambia","GMB",> 95,
"Georgia","GEO",44,
"Germany","DEU",< 5,
"Ghana","GHA",87,
"Greece","GRC",< 5,
"Grenada","GRD",48,
"Guatemala","GTM",62,
"Guinea","GIN",> 95,
"Guinea-Bissau","GNB",95,
"Guyana","GUY",59,
"Haiti","HTI",> 95,
"Honduras","HND",57,
"Hungary","HUN",< 5,
"Iceland","ISL",< 5,
"India","IND",82,
"Indonesia","IDN",72,
"Iran, Islamic Rep","IRN",< 5,
"Iraq","IRQ",< 5,
"Ireland","IRL",< 5,
"Israel","ISR",< 5,
"Italy","ITA",< 5,
"Jamaica","JAM",45,
"Japan","JPN",< 5,
"Jordan","JOR",< 5,
"Kazakhstan","KAZ",< 5,
"Kenya","KEN",78,
"Korea, Rep","KOR",< 5,
"Kuwait","KWT",< 5,
"Kyrgyzstan","KGZ",76,
"Lao People's Dem Rep","LAO",> 95,
"Latvia","LVA",10,
"Lebanon","LBN",< 5,
"Lesotho","LSO",83,
"Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","LBY",< 5,
"Lithuania","LTU",< 5,
"Luxembourg","LUX",< 5,
"Macedonia, FYR","MKD",30,
"Madagascar","MDG",> 95,
"Malawi","MWI",> 95,
"Malaysia","MYS",< 5,
"Mali","MLI",> 95,
"Malta","MLT",< 5,
"Mauritania","MRT",62,
"Mauritius","MUS",< 5,
"Mexico","MEX",13,
"Moldova, Rep","MDA",63,
"Monaco","MCO",< 5,
"Mongolia","MNG",51,
"Morocco","MAR",5,
"Mozambique","MOZ",80,
"Myanmar","MMR",> 95,
"Namibia","NAM",60,
"Nepal","NPL",81,
"Netherlands","NLD",< 5,
"New Zealand","NZL",< 5,
"Nicaragua","NIC",58,
"Niger","NER",> 95,
"Nigeria","NGA",67,
"Norway","NOR",< 5,
"Oman","OMN",< 5,
"Pakistan","PAK",83,
"Panama","PAN",33,
"Papua New Guinea","PNG",90,
"Paraguay","PRY",56,
"Peru","PER",33,
"Philippines","PHL",49,
"Poland","POL",< 5,
"Portugal","PRT",< 5,
"Qatar","QAT",< 5,
"Romania","ROU",23,
"Russian Federation","RUS",9,
"Rwanda","RWA",> 95,
"Saint Kitts and Nevis","KNA",< 5,
"Samoa","WSM",70,
"San Marino","SMR",< 5,
"Sao Tome & Principe","STP",> 95,
"Saudi Arabia","SAU",< 5,
"Senegal","SEN",54,
"Seychelles","SYC",< 5,
"Sierra Leone","SLE",92,
"Singapore","SGP",< 5,
"Slovakia","SVK",< 5,
"Slovenia","SVN",9,
"Solomon Islands","SLB",> 95,
"South Africa","ZAF",20,
"Spain","ESP",< 5,
"Sri Lanka","LKA",70,
"St. Lucia","LCA",63,
"St. Vincent & Grenadines","VCT",31,
"Sudan","SDN",> 95,
"Swaziland","SWZ",62,
"Sweden","SWE",< 5,
"Switzerland","CHE",< 5,
"Syrian Arab Rep","SYR",32,
"Tajikistan","TJK",75,
"Tanzania","TZA",> 95,
"Thailand","THA",72,
"Togo","TGO",76,
"Tonga","TON",56,
"Trinidad and Tobago","TTO",8,
"Tunisia","TUN",< 5,
"Turkey","TUR",11,
"Turkmenistan","TKM",< 5,
"Uganda","UGA",> 95,
"Ukraine","UKR",7,
"United Arab Emirates","ARE",< 5,
"United Kingdom","GBR",< 5,
"United States","USA",< 5,
"Uruguay","URY",< 5,
"Uzbekistan","UZB",72,
"Vanuatu","VUT",79,
"Venezuela","VEN",5,
"Viet Nam","VNM",72,
"Yemen","YEM",42,
"Zambia","ZMB",85,
"Zimbabwe","ZWE",67,

Footnotes
No footnotes

Source
"World Health Organization (WHO). 2006. Global Health Atlas: World Health Statistics. Geneva: WHO. Available on-line at: http://www.who.int/GlobalAtlas/."


Technical Notes
"Definition:"
"Solid fuel use measures the percentage of the total population that burn solid fuels in their households, primarily for cooking fuel. Solid fuels include coal or biomass fuels such as wood, charcoal, agricultural residues, and animal dung."
""
"Worldwide, solid fuels are still the primary energy supply for many households, particularly rural poor households in developing countries. Combustion of solid fuels in traditional stoves causes high levels of indoor air pollution (IAP), emitting dangerous pollutants such as carbon monoxide and particulates. IAP from solid fuel use is therefore a serious health concern. Prolonged exposure to IAP can lead to acute lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Women and children are most susceptible due to household roles. Curtailing IAP has been identified as a component of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, and solid fuel use has been proposed as an indicator to measure progress toward this target due to its direct relationship to child mortality and socio-economic status. Please visit the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Indoor Air Pollution website for more information."
""
"Years Covered and Frequency of Update:"
"The data presented here are for the year 2004. Data are updated annually in conjunction with the release of the WHO World Health Report."
""
"Methodology:"
"Data for 94 countries come directly from national surveys or censuses. Important related references of indoor air pollution studies include: "
""
"Desai, M.A., et al. 2004. Indoor Smoke from Solid Fuels: Assessing the Environmental Burden of Disease. Geneva: WHO. "
""
"Smith, K.R., et al. 2004. Indoor Air Pollution from Household Use of Solid Fuels. In: Ezzati, M. et al., eds. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors. Geneva: WHO."
""
"Data for all other countries are estimated using an established statistical regression model that incorporates gross national product (GNP), per capita petroleum consumption, and rural population. The model assumes that countries with a per capita GNP greater than US$5,000 are no longer using solid fuels for cooking in the home, reflecting the trend that countries tend shift to cleaner burning fuels as they develop economically."
""
"Data Reliability:"
"Many of the estimates of solid fuel use were compiled using data from several case studies conducted over the past decade. It has been assumed that patterns in solid fuel use have not changed dramatically over this time period. Additionally, since original data from these studies were often presented in different formats, a number of assumptions were required in order to facilitate manipulations and comparisons of the results of individual studies."
" "
"Model-based estimates of solid fuel use presume that as countries develop economically, people gradually shift to ""cleaner"" fuels. This assumption may be more complex at local and household levels. The estimates have calculated confidence intervals of 95%."
""
"For further information on the reliability of the data, please refer to the WHO print publication: Desai, M.A., et al. 2004. Indoor Smoke from Solid Fuels: Assessing the Environmental Burden of Disease."