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"Water Resources and Freshwater Ecosystems -- Freshwater Indices: Water Poverty Index"

"Units: Index Number 0-100; lower scores indicate water scarcity and poor water provision"

,,2002,
Country
"Algeria","DZA",50,
"Angola","AGO",41,
"Argentina","ARG",61,
"Armenia","ARM",54,
"Australia","AUS",62,
"Austria","AUT",75,
"Bahrain","BHR",56,
"Bangladesh","BGD",54,
"Barbados","BRB",66,
"Belarus","BLR",61,
"Belgium","BEL",61,
"Belize","BLZ",66,
"Benin","BEN",39,
"Bhutan","BTN",56,
"Bolivia","BOL",63,
"Botswana","BWA",57,
"Brazil","BRA",61,
"Bulgaria","BGR",63,
"Burkina Faso","BFA",42,
"Burundi","BDI",40,
"Cambodia","KHM",46,
"Cameroon","CMR",54,
"Canada","CAN",78,
"Cape Verde","CPV",41,
"Côte d'Ivoire","CIV",46,
"Central African Rep","CAF",44,
"Chad","TCD",39,
"Chile","CHL",69,
"China","CHN",51,
"Colombia","COL",66,
"Comoros","COM",44,
"Congo","COG",57,
"Congo, Dem Rep","COD",46,
"Costa Rica","CRI",67,
"Croatia","HRV",68,
"Cyprus","CYP",62,
"Czech Rep","CZE",61,
"Denmark","DNK",61,
"Djibouti","DJI",38,
"Dominican Rep","DOM",59,
"Ecuador","ECU",67,
"Egypt","EGY",58,
"El Salvador","SLV",56,
"Equatorial Guinea","GNQ",68,
"Eritrea","ERI",37,
"Ethiopia","ETH",35,
"Fiji","FJI",62,
"Finland","FIN",78,
"France","FRA",68,
"Gabon","GAB",62,
"Gambia","GMB",48,
"Georgia","GEO",60,
"Germany","DEU",65,
"Ghana","GHA",45,
"Greece","GRC",66,
"Guatemala","GTM",59,
"Guinea","GIN",52,
"Guinea-Bissau","GNB",48,
"Guyana","GUY",76,
"Haiti","HTI",35,
"Honduras","HND",60,
"Hungary","HUN",61,
"Iceland","ISL",77,
"India","IND",53,
"Indonesia","IDN",65,
"Iran, Islamic Rep","IRN",60,
"Ireland","IRL",73,
"Israel","ISR",54,
"Italy","ITA",61,
"Jamaica","JAM",58,
"Japan","JPN",65,
"Jordan","JOR",46,
"Kazakhstan","KAZ",58,
"Kenya","KEN",47,
"Korea, Rep","KOR",62,
"Kuwait","KWT",54,
"Kyrgyzstan","KGZ",64,
"Lao People's Dem Rep","LAO",54,
"Lebanon","LBN",56,
"Lesotho","LSO",43,
"Madagascar","MDG",48,
"Malawi","MWI",38,
"Malaysia","MYS",67,
"Mali","MLI",41,
"Mauritania","MRT",50,
"Mauritius","MUS",60,
"Mexico","MEX",58,
"Moldova, Rep","MDA",49,
"Mongolia","MNG",55,
"Morocco","MAR",46,
"Mozambique","MOZ",45,
"Myanmar","MMR",54,
"Namibia","NAM",60,
"Nepal","NPL",54,
"Netherlands","NLD",69,
"New Zealand","NZL",69,
"Nicaragua","NIC",58,
"Niger","NER",35,
"Nigeria","NGA",44,
"Norway","NOR",77,
"Oman","OMN",59,
"Pakistan","PAK",58,
"Panama","PAN",67,
"Papua New Guinea","PNG",55,
"Paraguay","PRY",56,
"Peru","PER",64,
"Philippines","PHL",61,
"Poland","POL",56,
"Portugal","PRT",65,
"Qatar","QAT",57,
"Romania","ROU",59,
"Russian Federation","RUS",63,
"Rwanda","RWA",39,
"Saudi Arabia","SAU",53,
"Senegal","SEN",45,
"Sierra Leone","SLE",42,
"Singapore","SGP",56,
"Slovakia","SVK",71,
"Slovenia","SVN",69,
"South Africa","ZAF",52,
"Spain","ESP",64,
"Sri Lanka","LKA",56,
"Sudan","SDN",49,
"Suriname","SUR",75,
"Swaziland","SWZ",53,
"Sweden","SWE",72,
"Switzerland","CHE",72,
"Syrian Arab Rep","SYR",55,
"Tajikistan","TJK",59,
"Tanzania","TZA",48,
"Thailand","THA",64,
"Togo","TGO",46,
"Trinidad and Tobago","TTO",59,
"Tunisia","TUN",51,
"Turkey","TUR",57,
"Turkmenistan","TKM",70,
"Uganda","UGA",44,
"United Arab Emirates","ARE",52,
"United Kingdom","GBR",72,
"United States","USA",65,
"Uruguay","URY",67,
"Uzbekistan","UZB",61,
"Venezuela","VEN",65,
"Viet Nam","VNM",52,
"Yemen","YEM",44,
"Zambia","ZMB",50,
"Zimbabwe","ZWE",53,

Footnotes
No footnotes

Source
"Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. 2002. The Water Poverty Index: International Comparisons. Available on-line at: http://www.ceh.ac.uk/.  Wallingford: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology."
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Technical Notes
"Definition:"
"The Water Poverty Index (WPI) measures, for a given country, the impact of water scarcity and water provision on human populations.  WPI is a number between 0 and 100, where a low score indicates water poverty and a high score indicates good water provision.  WPI is the culmination of an interdisciplinary approach that combines both the physical quantities relating to water availability and the socio-economic factors relating to poverty to produce an indicator that addresses the diverse factors that affect water resource management."
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"WPI is comprised of five component indices: Resources, Access, Capacity, Use, and Environment.  Each of these component indices is made up of sub-indices."
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"Years Covered and Frequency of Update:"
"The current values were published in 2002 based on underlying data collected from various years (1980-2002). This is the first WPI dataset to be published."
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"Methodology:"
"WPI is calculated based on five components: Resources, Access, Capacity, Use, and Environment.  Each of these five indicies is composed of sub-indices. Each sub-index is generated by a group of indicators. A country's sub-index value is evaluated by its position relative to the values in other countries, usually producing a value between 0 and 1 (values less than 0 are assigned 0 and values greater than 1 are assigned 1).  The sub-indices are averaged and multiplied by 20 to produce one of the five, equally-weighted, component indicies.  Once all five component indices have been calculated, they are added together, producing a value between 0 and 100.  This value is the water poverty index."
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"The Resources component addresses the issue of water availability.  It is comprised of internal water resources and external water flows indices.  Less emphasis is put on external water flows than on internal water resources, as external resources are considered less reliable."
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"Access is made up of indicators which address basic water and sanitation needs as well as the water requirements for agricultural food production."
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"Capacity addresses several socio-economic factors that can impact water access.  This index is composed of GDP per capita (adjusted for the currency's purchasing power), under-five mortality rate, the education index calculated by the United Nations Development Programme, and the Gini coefficient, which describes the distribution of income across a population."
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"Use incorporates the water use, on a per capita basis, in the domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors."
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"Environment attempts to address not only water quality issues but also those issues of environmental governance.  This index averages five component indices: water quality, water stress, regulation and management capacity, informational capacity, and biodiversity."
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"For additional information on the underlying methodology of WPI's component indices, please refer to: The Water Poverty Index: International Comparisons. Available on-line at: http://www.ceh.ac.uk/.  "
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"Data Reliability:"
"This index was designed to provide broad estimates of several complex issues in one value.  The WPI focuses public attention to the important issue of water scarcity and allows individuals to quickly understand the degree of water stress in a country.  However, the freshwater data used to build this index are incomplete and frequently incomparable across countries; users of this index should always treat these numbers as order-of-magnitude estimates. "
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"Several methods were considered for the calculation of WPI.  For a detailed account of alternative methods and their shortcomings, please refer to the 2002 print publication Calculating a Water Poverty Index, available on-line at: http://www.ceh.ac.uk/."
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"References"
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"Sullivan C.A. and Meigh, J.R. (2007)  Integration of the biophysical and social sciences using an indicator approach: Addressing water problems at different scales Journal of Water Resources Management 21:111-128  "
"Sullivan C.A. and Meigh J.R (2003) The Water Poverty Index: its role in the context of poverty alleviation. Water Policy, 5:5. Oct 2003  "
"	Sullivan, C.A. (2003) The Water Poverty Index: A new tool for prioritisation in water management. In: World Finance. 32-34  "
" Sullivan C.A., Meigh J.R., Giacomello A.M., Fediw T., Lawrence P., Samad M., Mlote S., Hutton C., Allan J.A., Schulze R.E., Dlamini, D.J.M., Cosgrove W., Delli Priscoli J., Gleick P., Smout I., CobbingJ., Calow R., Hunt C., Hussain A., Acreman M.C., King J., Malomo S., Tate E.L., O'Regan D., Milner S. and Steyl I. (2003) The Water Poverty Index: Development and application at the community scale. Natural Resources 27:189-199  "
" Sullivan C.A. (2002). Calculating a Water Poverty Index. World Development, 30, 1195-1210.  "
"Sullivan C.A. and Meigh J.R. (2003) Access to water as a dimension of poverty: the need to develop a Water Poverty Index as a tool for poverty reduction. In: Olcay Ünver I.H., Gupta, R.K. and Kibaroglu A. (eds.), Water Development and Poverty Reduction, Kluwer, Boston, 31-52."
"Sullivan, C.A., Vörösmarty, C., Bunn, S., Cline, S., Heidecke, C., Storygard, A., Proussevitch, A., Douglas, E., Bossio, D., Günther, D., Giacomello, A.M., O'Regan, D.P. and J.R. Meigh (2006) Mapping the Links between Water, Poverty and Food Security. GWSP Working Paper no 1. Bonn. Available at: www.gwsp.org "
"	Sullivan, C.A., Meigh JR and Fediw T (2002) Developing and testing the Water Poverty Index: Phase 1 Final Report. Report to Department for International Development, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK.  "
" Sullivan, C.A. (ed.) 2000.  Constructing a Water Poverty Index: a feasibility study. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology/DFID.  "
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