EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database Results Provided by the World Resources Institute (http://www.wri.org) "Energy and Resources -- Energy Consumption by Source: Solar, wind, and wave" "Units: Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe)" ,,2003,2000,1990, World "World","",9650,6687,2283, ,,2003,2000,1990, Region/Classification "Asia (excluding Middle East)","",1052,1006,1173, "Central America & Caribbean","",96,62,0, "Europe","",4492,2388,.., "Middle East & North Africa","",1208,987,444, "North America","",2474,2086,323, "South America","",67,60,0, "Developed Countries","",8624,5984,.., "Developing Countries","",1027,703,92, "High Income Countries","",8580,6060,2194, "Low Income Countries","",309,145,3, "Middle Income Countries","",761,482,87, ,,2003,2000,1990, Country "Albania","ALB",2,1,0, "Algeria","DZA",0,0,0, "Angola","AGO",0,0,0, "Argentina","ARG",7,3,0, "Armenia","ARM",0,0,.., "Australia","AUS",150,87,81, "Austria","AUT",111,70,15, "Azerbaijan","AZE",0,0,.., "Bahrain","BHR",0,0,0, "Bangladesh","BGD",0,0,0, "Belarus","BLR",0,0,.., "Belgium","BEL",10,2,1, "Benin","BEN",0,0,0, "Bolivia","BOL",0,0,0, "Bosnia and Herzegovina","BIH",0,0,.., "Botswana","BWA",1,1,1, "Brazil","BRA",5,4,0, "Brunei Darussalam","BRN",0,0,0, "Bulgaria","BGR",0,0,0, "Cameroon","CMR",0,0,0, "Canada","CAN",76,27,2, "Côte d'Ivoire","CIV",0,0,0, "Chile","CHL",0,0,0, "China","CHN",0,0,0, "Colombia","COL",0,0,0, "Congo","COG",0,0,0, "Congo, Dem Rep","COD",0,0,0, "Costa Rica","CRI",26,16,0, "Croatia","HRV",0,0,.., "Cuba","CUB",0,0,0, "Cyprus","CYP",36,35,0, "Czech Rep","CZE",0,0,0, "Denmark","DNK",487,373,55, "Dominican Rep","DOM",0,0,0, "Ecuador","ECU",0,0,0, "Egypt","EGY",32,12,0, "El Salvador","SLV",0,0,0, "Eritrea","ERI",0,0,.., "Estonia","EST",1,0,.., "Ethiopia {1}","ETH",0,0,0, "Finland","FIN",8,7,0, "France","FRA",98,73,69, "Gabon","GAB",0,0,0, "Georgia","GEO",0,0,.., "Germany","DEU",1862,919,17, "Ghana","GHA",0,0,0, "Gibraltar","GIB",0,0,0, "Greece","GRC",193,138,57, "Guatemala","GTM",0,0,0, "Haiti","HTI",0,0,0, "Honduras","HND",0,0,0, "Hong Kong","HKG",0,0,0, "Hungary","HUN",2,0,0, "Iceland","ISL",0,0,0, "India","IND",309,145,3, "Indonesia","IDN",0,0,0, "Iran, Islamic Rep","IRN",0,0,0, "Iraq","IRQ",0,0,0, "Ireland","IRL",39,21,0, "Israel","ISR",691,596,358, "Italy","ITA",138,61,5, "Jamaica","JAM",0,0,0, "Japan","JPN",708,817,1168, "Jordan","JOR",65,65,58, "Kazakhstan","KAZ",0,0,.., "Kenya","KEN",0,0,0, "Korea, Dem People's Rep","PRK",0,0,0, "Korea, Rep","KOR",35,44,3, "Kuwait","KWT",0,0,0, "Kyrgyzstan","KGZ",0,0,.., "Latvia","LVA",4,0,.., "Lebanon","LBN",9,7,0, "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","LBY",0,0,0, "Lithuania","LTU",0,0,.., "Luxembourg","LUX",2,2,0, "Macedonia, FYR","MKD",0,0,.., "Malaysia","MYS",0,0,0, "Malta","MLT",0,0,0, "Mexico","MEX",70,47,0, "Moldova, Rep","MDA",0,0,.., "Morocco","MAR",17,6,0, "Mozambique","MOZ",0,0,0, "Myanmar","MMR",0,0,0, "Namibia","NAM",0,0,.., "Nepal","NPL",0,0,0, "Netherlands","NLD",132,83,7, "Netherlands Antilles","ANT",0,0,0, "New Zealand","NZL",17,10,0, "Nicaragua","NIC",0,0,0, "Nigeria","NGA",0,0,0, "Norway","NOR",19,3,0, "Oman","OMN",0,0,0, "Pakistan","PAK",0,0,0, "Panama","PAN",0,0,0, "Paraguay","PRY",0,0,0, "Peru","PER",55,53,0, "Philippines","PHL",0,0,0, "Poland","POL",11,0,0, "Portugal","PRT",63,33,11, "Qatar","QAT",0,0,0, "Romania","ROU",0,0,0, "Russian Federation","RUS",1,0,.., "Saudi Arabia","SAU",0,0,0, "Senegal","SEN",0,0,0, "Serbia and Montenegro","YUG",0,0,0, "Singapore","SGP",0,0,0, "Slovakia","SVK",0,0,0, "Slovenia","SVN",0,0,.., "South Africa","ZAF",92,0,0, "Spain","ESP",1087,439,2, "Sri Lanka","LKA",0,0,0, "Sudan","SDN",0,0,0, "Sweden","SWE",63,45,4, "Switzerland","CHE",24,25,8, "Syrian Arab Rep","SYR",0,0,0, "Taiwan","TWN",0,0,0, "Tajikistan","TJK",0,0,.., "Tanzania","TZA",0,0,0, "Thailand","THA",0,0,0, "Togo","TGO",0,0,0, "Trinidad and Tobago","TTO",0,0,0, "Tunisia","TUN",3,2,0, "Turkey","TUR",355,265,28, "Turkmenistan","TKM",0,0,.., "U.S.S.R. (former)","",8,1,0, "Ukraine","UKR",2,1,.., "United Arab Emirates","ARE",0,0,0, "United Kingdom","GBR",131,93,11, "United States","USA",2398,2059,321, "Uruguay","URY",0,0,0, "Uzbekistan","UZB",0,0,.., "Venezuela","VEN",0,0,0, "Viet Nam","VNM",0,0,0, "Yemen","YEM",0,0,0, "Yugoslavia (former)","",0,0,0, "Zambia","ZMB",0,0,0, "Zimbabwe","ZWE",0,0,0, Footnotes "1 -- Ethiopia" "1990 value includes totals for Eritrea." Source "International Energy Agency (IEA) Statistics Division. 2006. Energy Balances of OECD Countries (2006 edition) and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries (2006 edition). Paris: IEA. Available at http://data.iea.org/ieastore/default.asp." Technical Notes "Definition:" "Energy Consumption by Source: Solar, wind, and wave measures the amount of primary energy consumed from solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind, and ocean sources. Data are reported in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (ktoe)." "" "Solar energy includes the production of electricity from solar photovoltaic cells as well as solar thermal energy. Solar thermal (heat) energy is used for both hot water production and electricity generation. Solar heat is collected with flat plate collectors for water heating or in solar thermal-electric plants. Passive solar energy for the direct heating, cooling and lighting of dwellings or other buildings is not included here." "" "Wind energy uses the mechanical energy of the wind for generating electricity, charging batteries, pumping water, or grinding grain. Wind turbines may be used individually for residences or in remote areas; larger turbines may also be combined to form wind farms, producing electricity for utilities." "" "Wave energy includes the production of electricity from the mechanical energy derived from ocean currents, wave motion, and tidal movement." "" "Consumption equals indigenous production + imports - exports - energy delivered to international marine bunkers +/- stock changes. The International Energy Agency (IEA) refers to these data as Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES). Energy losses from transportation, friction, heat, and other inefficiencies are included in these totals." "" "Years Covered and Frequency of Update:" "Data are available here for the years 1990, 2000, and 2003. However, the full datasets provided by the IEA span 1960-2004 for countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 1971-2004 for OECD non-members, although coverage varies. The IEA updates their energy data each year in June for OECD countries and in September for non-OECD countries, often revising data from earlier years." "" "Methodology:" "Basic energy statistics are collected by the IEA from a variety of sources. In OECD member countries, national administrations fill out five annual questionnaires. In non-OECD countries, statistics are collected from questionnaires, international organizations such as the United Nations, cooperation with national statistical bodies, and direct communication with energy consultants and companies. If data are not available from any of these sources, they are estimated by the IEA." "" "To facilitate comparisons among different sources of energy, the IEA measures the heat content of all energy commodities in tonnes (metric tons) of oil equivalent (toe). A tonne of oil equivalent measures the energy contained in a metric ton (1000 kg) of crude oil and is equal to 10 Exp. 7 kilocalories, 41.868 gigajoules, or 11,628 kilowatt-hours (kWh)." "" "The energy produced by fossil fuels is calculated using conversion factors per unit mass of fuel (e.g. 10,000 kcal/kg of oil). Since energy sources such as coal and crude oil may vary in quality, the IEA typically uses specific conversion factors supplied by national administrations for the main categories of energy sources and uses (i.e., production, imports, exports). Energy sources categorized as petroleum products, however, have a single set of conversion factors for all countries." "" "The energy produced by non-fossil fuel sources is more complicated to measure; the IEA must first define a primary form of energy to measure, and then calculate the primary energy equivalent. The principle adopted by the IEA is that the primary energy form should be the first energy form downstream in the production process for which multiple energy uses are practical. Heat is therefore the primary form of energy for nuclear, geothermal, and solar thermal production. For hydro, wind, wave and photovoltaic solar production, total electricity is the primary form of energy. The IEA determines the physical energy content of the primary energy source using global or regional efficiency averages." "" "These statistics are expressed in terms of ""net"" calorific value, so the values reported here may be slightly lower than those in other statistical compendia which report energy in terms of ""gross"" calorific value." "" "Data Reliability:" "The energy balances data are primarily based on well-established and institutionalized accounting methodologies, and are therefore considered reliable." "" "Energy production estimates from nuclear power and renewable sources (hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, and wind power) are calculated using a number of assumptions about primary energy forms and plant efficiencies. As a result, these values may be less reliable than estimates of energy produced from fossil fuels, and the share of renewables in total energy supply may appear different here than it would from other providers." "" "The data as received from the provider do not distinguish between no data and zero values. WRI has distinguished between the two where possible, but some values represented as zero should probably be indicated by "".."" and vice-versa."