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"Environmental Governance and Institutions -- Corruption: Bribe Payer's Index (Transparency International)"

"Units: index units: 10=bribes never occur; 1=bribes often occur"

,,2006,2002,1999,
Country
"Australia","AUS",7.6,8.5,8.1,
"Austria","AUT",7.5,8.2,7.8,
"Belgium","BEL",7.2,7.8,6.8,
"Brazil","BRA",5.7,..,..,
"Canada","CAN",7.5,8.1,8.1,
"China","CHN",4.9,3.5,3.1,
"France","FRA",6.5,5.5,5.2,
"Germany","DEU",7.3,6.3,6.2,
"Hong Kong","HKG",6.0,4.3,..,
"India","IND",4.6,..,..,
"Israel","ISR",6.0,..,..,
"Italy","ITA",5.9,4.1,3.7,
"Japan","JPN",7.1,5.3,5.1,
"Korea, Rep","KOR",5.8,3.9,3.4,
"Malaysia","MYS",5.6,4.3,3.9,
"Mexico","MEX",6.5,..,..,
"Netherlands","NLD",7.3,7.8,7.4,
"Portugal","PRT",6.5,..,..,
"Russian Federation","RUS",5.2,3.2,..,
"Saudi Arabia","SAU",5.8,..,..,
"Singapore","SGP",6.8,6.3,5.7,
"South Africa","ZAF",5.6,..,..,
"Spain","ESP",6.6,5.8,5.3,
"Sweden","SWE",7.6,8.4,8.3,
"Switzerland","CHE",7.8,8.4,7.7,
"Taiwan","TWN",5.4,3.8,3.5,
"Turkey","TUR",5.2,..,..,
"United Arab Emirates","ARE",6.6,..,..,
"United Kingdom","GBR",7.4,6.9,7.2,
"United States","USA",7.2,5.3,6.2,

Footnotes
No footnotes

Source
"Transparency International. 2006. 2006 Bribe Payer's Index. Berlin: Transparency International. Available online at: http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/bpi/bpi_2006#pr."


Technical Notes
"Methodology adapted from Bribe Payer's Index (BPI) Analysis Report."
""
"The Bribe Payer's Index (BPI) measures the tendency of firms from top exporting countries to pay bribes or make undocumented payments while conducting business abroad.  Ratings range in value from 10 (bribes never occur) to 0 (bribes occur often).   "
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" "
"Years Covered and Frequency of Update"
"BPI's are available for 1999, 2002 and 2006 and are updated when new surveys become available. "
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"MethodologyThe BPI is based on the responses of 11,232 business executives from companies in 125 countries to two questions about the business practices of foreign firms operating in their country, as part of the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey 2006.  To assess the international supply-side of bribery, executives are asked about the propensity of foreign firms that do the most business in their country to pay bribes or to make undocumented extra payments. The"
"survey is anonymous."
"The questions on which the BPI is based first ask respondents to identify the country of origin of foreign owned companies doing the most business in their country. Respondents are then asked to comment on the extent firms from the countries selected make undocumented extra payments or bribes. Respondents are asked to answer on a scale of 1 (bribes are common) to 7 (bribes never occur). In calculating the BPI, the answers are converted to a score between 0 and 10, and the ranking reflects the average score."
"The 30 economies ranked in the BPI are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France,"
"Germany, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries are among the leading international or regional exporting countries, whose combined global"
"exports represented 82 percent of the world total in 2005. "
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"Data Reliability"
"Transparency International is recognized as a world leader in measuring corruption. The survey aimed to gather data based on respondents experience and not perception.  However, 30% of respondents commented on over 20 of the 30 countries in question creating the possibility that respondents did answer according to perception and not actual experience.  In calculating the BPI, Transparency International created estimates with and without data collected from individuals who answered for more than 20 countries.  There was not a significant difference between these two estimates."
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"Nonetheless, there is an unavoidable amount of subjectivity in any index calculation. Users should bear in mind that this index is measuring ideas and behaviors rather than a discrete physical quantity. Underlying surveys are conducted in many different countries, and cultural biases may skew results.  More information on this data set and its uses can be found at: http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/bpi/bpi_2006#pr."