EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database Results
Provided by the World Resources Institute (http://www.wri.org)
"Environmental Governance and Institutions -- Government Expenditure: Public education expenditure as a percent of GDP"

"Units: Percent (%)"

,,2006,2005,2004,2003,2002,2001,2000,1999,1998,1991,
World
"World","",..,..,4.6,4.6,4.4,4.4,4.1,4.2,4.0,4.0,

,,2006,2005,2004,2003,2002,2001,2000,1999,1998,1991,
Region/Classification
"Asia (excluding Middle East)","",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.4,3.3,..,
"Central America & Caribbean","",..,..,5.4,5.5,5.1,5.0,4.7,..,..,3.7,
"Europe","",..,..,5.2,5.3,5.2,5.0,4.9,5.0,5.1,..,
"Middle East & North Africa","",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,4.4,
"North America","",..,..,5.6,5.9,5.7,5.7,..,5.1,5.1,5.2,
"Oceania","",..,..,4.9,4.9,4.9,5.0,4.7,5.0,4.7,4.9,
"South America","",..,..,3.9,..,3.9,..,4.1,4.0,4.4,..,
"Developed Countries","",..,..,5.1,5.2,5.1,5.1,..,4.8,4.8,..,
"High Income Countries","",..,..,5.1,5.2,5.1,5.1,..,4.8,4.8,..,
"Low Income Countries","",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.4,

,,2006,2005,2004,2003,2002,2001,2000,1999,1998,1991,
Country
"Albania","ALB",..,..,..,..,2.9,..,..,..,..,..,
"Algeria","DZA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,5.1,
"Andorra","AND",2.3,1.7,2.6,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,
"Angola","AGO",..,2.4,..,..,..,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.6,..,
"Antigua and Barbuda","ATG",..,..,..,..,3.9,..,..,3.2,..,..,
"Argentina","ARG",..,..,3.8,3.5,4.0,4.8,4.6,4.5,4.0,3.3,
"Armenia","ARM",..,..,..,..,..,3.2,3.2,3.2,..,..,
"Aruba","ABW",..,5.1,4.6,4.6,5.0,4.8,4.8,4.4,4.8,4.9,
"Australia","AUS",..,..,4.6,4.6,4.7,4.8,4.7,4.8,4.7,4.7,
"Austria","AUT",..,..,5.4,5.5,5.7,5.7,..,6.2,6.2,5.3,
"Azerbaijan","AZE",2.1,2.3,3.3,3.3,3.2,3.5,3.9,4.2,3.4,7.7,
"Bahamas","BHS",..,..,..,..,..,..,3.6,..,..,3.7,
"Bahrain","BHR",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.9,
"Bangladesh","BGD",..,2.5,2.2,2.4,2.3,2.5,2.4,2.4,..,1.5,
"Barbados","BRB",..,6.9,7.2,7.8,7.0,7.2,5.6,5.2,5.2,7.8,
"Belarus","BLR",6.1,6.0,5.7,5.8,..,..,6.0,6.0,6.0,5.7,
"Belgium","BEL",..,..,6.0,6.1,6.1,6.0,..,..,..,4.9,
"Belize","BLZ",..,..,5.3,5.2,5.5,5.8,5.0,5.4,..,4.6,
"Benin","BEN",..,..,4.4,..,3.1,3.3,3.1,3.0,2.9,..,
"Bermuda","BMU",1.3,2.0,1.9,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.3,
"Bhutan","BTN",..,7.0,..,..,..,5.6,5.6,..,..,..,
"Bolivia","BOL",..,..,..,6.4,6.2,5.9,5.5,5.7,5.5,2.4,
"Botswana","BWA",..,9.7,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,6.2,
"Brazil","BRA",..,..,4.0,..,3.8,3.9,4.0,3.9,4.9,..,
"Brunei Darussalam","BRN",..,..,..,..,..,..,5.2,5.4,4.4,3.5,
"Bulgaria","BGR",..,..,2.5,4.2,3.6,3.5,..,..,3.2,5.4,
"Burkina Faso","BFA",4.2,4.2,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,2.6,
"Burundi","BDI",..,5.1,5.2,4.7,3.9,3.8,3.2,3.4,3.9,3.5,
"Cambodia","KHM",..,..,1.7,1.8,1.7,1.7,1.7,1.0,1.3,..,
"Cameroon","CMR",3.3,3.3,3.5,3.4,3.2,2.8,2.1,2.1,..,3.2,
"Canada","CAN",..,..,..,..,5.2,5.2,5.6,5.8,5.7,6.5,
"Cape Verde","CPV",6.3,6.8,7.5,7.6,7.9,..,..,..,4.4,3.6,
"Cayman Islands","CYM",2.6,2.8,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,
"Côte d'Ivoire","CIV",..,..,..,..,..,4.6,4.6,5.3,3.7,..,
"Central African Rep","CAF",1.4,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1.9,2.2,
"Chad","TCD",..,1.9,1.6,1.7,..,..,..,1.6,1.6,1.6,
"Chile","CHL",..,3.4,3.7,4.1,4.2,..,3.9,3.8,3.4,2.4,
"China","CHN",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1.9,1.9,2.2,
"Colombia","COL",4.7,4.8,4.9,5.2,5.1,4.4,4.2,4.4,3.9,2.4,
"Comoros","COM",..,..,..,..,3.8,3.8,..,..,3.8,..,
"Congo","COG",..,1.9,2.4,2.8,3.2,3.2,2.5,4.2,4.1,7.4,
"Costa Rica","CRI",4.7,..,4.9,5.1,5.1,4.7,4.4,4.9,4.9,3.4,
"Croatia","HRV",4.4,4.7,4.5,4.5,4.4,4.5,..,..,..,5.5,
"Cuba","CUB",9.1,9.8,9.6,9.2,8.9,9.0,7.2,7.5,6.7,9.7,
"Cyprus","CYP",..,..,6.3,7.4,6.1,5.6,5.4,5.2,..,3.7,
"Czech Rep","CZE",..,..,4.4,4.5,4.3,4.1,4.0,4.0,3.9,..,
"Denmark","DNK",..,..,8.4,8.3,8.4,8.4,8.3,8.1,8.3,6.7,
"Djibouti","DJI",8.4,8.4,9.3,8.8,8.4,7.8,9.7,7.6,3.5,3.5,
"Dominica","DMA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,5.0,7.1,..,
"Dominican Rep","DOM",3.6,..,..,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,..,..,..,
"Ecuador","ECU",..,..,..,..,..,1.0,1.3,1.8,2.6,2.5,
"Egypt","EGY",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.9,
"El Salvador","SLV",3.1,2.8,..,2.8,2.9,2.5,2.5,2.3,2.3,1.8,
"Equatorial Guinea","GNQ",..,..,..,0.6,0.6,0.6,0.7,..,1.8,..,
"Eritrea","ERI",..,5.3,3.7,4.0,4.1,4.5,3.2,5.3,4.6,..,
"Estonia","EST",..,..,5.1,5.4,5.5,5.3,..,6.9,6.4,..,
"Ethiopia","ETH",6.0,..,..,..,3.8,3.9,4.0,3.6,..,2.4,
"Fiji","FJI",..,..,6.5,6.5,6.4,5.7,6.0,5.4,5.5,5.1,
"Finland","FIN",..,..,6.5,6.5,6.3,6.2,6.0,6.2,..,6.4,
"France","FRA",..,..,5.8,5.9,5.6,5.6,5.7,5.8,5.8,5.5,
"Gabon","GAB",..,..,..,..,..,..,3.8,3.1,3.4,..,
"Gambia","GMB",..,..,2.0,2.2,2.8,..,2.7,3.0,..,3.8,
"Georgia","GEO",3.1,2.5,2.9,2.1,2.2,2.1,2.2,2.2,2.1,..,
"Germany","DEU",..,..,4.6,4.7,4.7,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.6,..,
"Ghana","GHA",..,5.4,..,..,..,..,..,4.1,..,..,
"Greece","GRC",..,..,4.2,3.9,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.5,3.4,2.2,
"Grenada","GRD",..,..,..,5.2,..,..,..,..,..,4.9,
"Guatemala","GTM",2.6,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1.3,
"Guinea","GIN",..,1.6,2.0,..,..,..,1.8,2.0,1.8,2.0,
"Guinea-Bissau","GNB",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,5.2,..,..,
"Guyana","GUY",8.3,8.5,5.5,7.0,8.4,8.6,8.5,8.6,8.6,2.2,
"Haiti","HTI",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1.4,
"Honduras","HND",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.8,
"Hong Kong","HKG",3.9,4.2,4.6,4.3,4.0,3.9,..,..,..,2.8,
"Hungary","HUN",..,..,5.4,5.9,5.2,5.0,4.8,4.7,4.6,6.1,
"Iceland","ISL",..,..,7.6,7.8,7.4,6.3,5.9,..,7.0,..,
"India","IND",..,..,3.8,3.7,..,..,4.4,4.5,3.6,3.7,
"Indonesia","IDN",..,..,..,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.4,..,..,1.0,
"Iran, Islamic Rep","IRN",5.1,4.7,4.9,4.8,4.9,4.4,4.4,4.5,..,4.2,
"Ireland","IRL",..,..,4.7,4.4,4.3,4.3,4.3,4.2,4.4,4.9,
"Israel","ISR",..,..,6.9,7.3,7.5,7.3,7.0,7.2,7.4,6.5,
"Italy","ITA",..,..,4.6,4.7,4.6,4.9,4.5,4.7,4.6,2.9,
"Jamaica","JAM",..,5.3,4.5,4.8,6.0,6.1,5.7,..,..,4.5,
"Japan","JPN",..,..,3.7,3.7,3.6,3.6,3.7,3.6,3.5,..,
"Jordan","JOR",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,4.9,..,8.0,
"Kazakhstan","KAZ",3.2,2.3,2.3,3.0,3.0,3.1,3.3,3.9,3.9,3.9,
"Kenya","KEN",6.9,6.4,6.9,6.6,6.2,5.2,5.2,5.3,..,6.7,
"Kiribati","KIR",..,..,..,..,17.8,15.6,15.3,14.0,13.9,..,
"Korea, Rep","KOR",..,..,4.6,4.6,4.2,4.3,..,3.8,3.7,3.8,
"Kuwait","KWT",3.8,4.8,5.5,6.5,6.6,6.6,..,..,..,4.8,
"Kyrgyzstan","KGZ",..,4.9,..,4.4,4.4,3.1,2.9,3.4,4.9,6.0,
"Lao People's Dem Rep","LAO",3.0,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.7,2.0,1.5,1.0,..,..,
"Latvia","LVA",..,..,5.1,5.3,5.7,5.5,5.4,5.7,6.3,4.1,
"Lebanon","LBN",2.7,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.9,2.0,2.0,..,..,
"Lesotho","LSO",13.0,13.8,..,..,..,9.7,10.2,13.1,..,6.2,
"Libyan Arab Jamahiriya","LBY",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,2.7,..,..,
"Lithuania","LTU",..,..,5.2,5.2,5.9,5.9,..,..,..,5.5,
"Luxembourg","LUX",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.4,..,2.6,
"Macau","MAC",..,2.4,2.4,3.0,3.1,3.1,3.8,3.9,3.9,2.2,
"Macedonia, FYR","MKD",..,..,..,..,3.5,..,..,4.1,..,..,
"Madagascar","MDG",3.1,3.2,3.3,..,..,2.9,3.2,2.5,1.9,2.5,
"Malawi","MWI",..,..,..,5.8,..,..,4.1,4.6,..,3.2,
"Malaysia","MYS",..,..,6.2,8.0,8.1,7.9,6.2,5.7,..,5.1,
"Maldives","MDV",8.0,7.7,7.4,8.1,8.1,..,..,..,3.7,7.0,
"Mali","MLI",4.5,4.1,4.3,4.1,3.4,..,..,3.0,3.0,..,
"Malta","MLT",..,..,5.1,..,4.5,4.6,..,4.9,4.8,4.4,
"Marshall Islands","MHL",..,..,11.8,12.1,8.7,8.8,14.5,16.5,16.5,..,
"Mauritania","MRT",2.9,2.3,3.1,3.8,3.5,3.3,..,2.9,3.1,4.6,
"Mauritius","MUS",3.9,4.4,4.7,4.7,3.3,3.3,3.9,4.2,..,3.8,
"Mexico","MEX",..,..,5.4,5.8,5.3,5.2,4.9,4.4,4.2,3.8,
"Micronesia, Fed States","FSM",..,..,..,..,..,..,7.3,7.3,7.3,..,
"Moldova, Rep","MDA",7.6,7.2,6.8,5.4,5.5,4.8,4.5,4.7,..,5.3,
"Monaco","MCO",..,..,4.4,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,
"Mongolia","MNG",..,..,5.2,7.2,9.0,8.0,6.7,6.0,6.4,..,
"Morocco","MAR",..,6.8,6.3,6.4,6.5,6.2,6.4,6.1,6.0,5.0,
"Mozambique","MOZ",..,5.0,3.7,..,..,..,..,2.4,2.5,..,
"Myanmar","MMR",..,..,..,..,..,1.3,0.6,0.6,..,..,
"Namibia","NAM",..,..,..,6.9,7.5,7.9,7.9,8.1,..,7.9,
"Nepal","NPL",..,..,..,3.4,3.4,3.7,3.0,2.9,..,2.0,
"Netherlands","NLD",..,..,5.2,5.1,4.9,4.8,..,4.6,4.7,5.4,
"New Zealand","NZL",..,6.5,6.8,6.7,6.6,6.8,..,6.9,..,6.1,
"Nicaragua","NIC",..,..,..,3.1,3.1,3.8,3.9,3.8,2.9,3.4,
"Niger","NER",3.6,..,..,2.4,..,2.3,..,..,..,3.3,
"Nigeria","NGA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.9,
"Norway","NOR",..,..,7.6,7.6,7.6,7.0,6.6,7.2,7.6,7.1,
"Oman","OMN",4.7,3.6,4.1,3.9,4.3,3.9,3.1,4.0,4.1,3.0,
"Pakistan","PAK",2.6,2.3,2.0,2.0,..,..,1.8,2.6,2.0,2.6,
"Palau","PLW",..,..,..,..,10.3,9.7,9.8,..,..,..,
"Panama","PAN",..,..,3.8,4.4,4.4,4.3,5.0,4.8,4.8,4.6,
"Paraguay","PRY",..,..,..,4.7,4.9,5.1,5.3,5.1,4.9,1.9,
"Peru","PER",..,2.7,2.8,2.8,3.0,2.9,..,3.4,3.2,2.8,
"Philippines","PHL",..,..,2.7,3.2,3.2,3.2,3.5,..,4.2,3.0,
"Poland","POL",..,..,5.4,5.4,5.4,5.3,5.0,4.6,5.0,5.2,
"Portugal","PRT",..,..,5.4,5.6,5.5,5.6,5.4,5.3,..,4.4,
"Qatar","QAT",..,..,1.6,..,..,..,..,..,3.6,3.5,
"Romania","ROU",..,..,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.3,2.9,3.5,3.5,3.5,
"Russian Federation","RUS",..,..,3.5,3.7,3.8,3.1,2.9,..,3.7,3.6,
"Rwanda","RWA",..,3.8,..,..,..,..,2.8,..,2.6,..,
"Saint Kitts and Nevis","KNA",..,9.3,4.3,4.5,3.3,8.1,6.4,5.1,5.4,2.7,
"Samoa","WSM",..,..,..,..,4.3,4.3,4.0,4.5,5.0,..,
"Saudi Arabia","SAU",..,..,6.8,7.1,7.7,7.8,5.9,7.1,8.3,5.8,
"Senegal","SEN",5.0,5.4,4.1,3.8,3.6,3.5,3.4,3.4,3.5,3.9,
"Seychelles","SYC",6.5,..,5.4,5.4,5.2,..,..,5.3,6.0,6.5,
"Sierra Leone","SLE",..,3.8,4.2,4.6,4.7,4.6,4.9,..,..,..,
"Singapore","SGP",..,..,..,..,..,3.7,..,..,..,3.1,
"Slovakia","SVK",..,..,4.2,4.3,4.3,4.0,3.9,4.2,..,5.6,
"Slovenia","SVN",..,..,6.0,6.0,6.0,6.1,..,..,..,4.8,
"Solomon Islands","SLB",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.3,3.3,3.8,
"South Africa","ZAF",5.4,5.3,5.3,5.1,5.2,5.3,5.6,6.0,..,5.9,
"Spain","ESP",..,..,4.3,4.3,4.3,4.2,4.3,4.4,4.4,4.2,
"Sri Lanka","LKA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.1,3.2,
"St. Lucia","LCA",6.6,5.8,4.8,4.9,7.6,7.7,7.5,7.5,7.6,..,
"St. Vincent & Grenadines","VCT",..,8.1,10.9,10.9,9.9,9.5,9.4,6.8,4.7,5.9,
"Sudan","SDN",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,6.0,
"Suriname","SUR",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,5.9,
"Swaziland","SWZ",..,7.0,6.2,7.0,5.4,8.7,6.2,6.0,..,5.7,
"Sweden","SWE",..,..,7.3,7.5,7.6,7.2,7.3,7.4,7.6,7.1,
"Switzerland","CHE",..,..,6.0,6.0,5.8,5.5,5.3,5.4,5.4,5.3,
"Syrian Arab Rep","SYR",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.9,
"Tajikistan","TJK",3.4,3.5,2.8,2.4,2.8,2.4,2.3,2.1,2.5,9.1,
"Tanzania","TZA",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,2.2,..,2.8,
"Thailand","THA",..,4.2,4.2,..,..,5.0,5.4,5.0,4.7,3.1,
"Togo","TGO",..,..,..,..,2.6,..,4.4,4.2,4.0,..,
"Tonga","TON",..,..,5.0,5.3,4.9,5.8,6.3,6.8,7.1,..,
"Trinidad and Tobago","TTO",..,..,..,..,4.2,4.2,3.8,3.7,3.3,4.1,
"Tunisia","TUN",..,7.3,7.5,7.5,6.4,6.8,6.8,6.9,..,6.0,
"Turkey","TUR",..,..,4.0,3.7,3.6,3.7,3.5,4.0,3.0,2.4,
"Turkmenistan","TKM",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,3.9,
"Uganda","UGA",..,..,5.2,..,..,..,2.5,..,..,1.5,
"Ukraine","UKR",6.3,6.1,5.3,5.6,5.4,4.7,4.2,3.6,4.4,6.2,
"United Arab Emirates","ARE",..,1.3,1.6,1.8,2.0,2.0,2.0,..,..,2.0,
"United Kingdom","GBR",..,..,5.4,5.5,5.3,4.7,4.6,4.6,4.9,4.8,
"United States","USA",..,..,5.6,5.9,5.7,5.7,..,5.1,5.0,5.1,
"Uruguay","URY",..,..,2.6,2.2,2.6,3.2,2.8,2.8,2.5,2.5,
"Uzbekistan","UZB",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,9.4,
"Vanuatu","VUT",..,..,..,9.5,9.1,9.8,7.8,6.6,8.0,4.6,
"Venezuela","VEN",3.7,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,4.6,
"Viet Nam","VNM",..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1.8,
"Yemen","YEM",..,..,..,..,..,9.6,9.9,..,..,..,
"Zambia","ZMB",..,2.0,2.8,..,..,2.0,2.0,1.9,2.3,2.8,
"Zimbabwe","ZWE",..,..,..,..,..,..,4.6,..,..,7.7,

Footnotes
No footnotes

Source
"Development Data Group, The World Bank. 2008. 2008 World Development Indicators Online. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Available at: http://go.worldbank.org/U0FSM7AQ40."


Technical Notes
"Adapted from the World Bank's World Development Indicators"
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"Definition:"
"Public education expenditure as a percent of GDP is the current and capital public expenditure on education plus subsidies for private education as a percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Data generally excludes foreign aid for education and may exclude spending by religious schools, which play a significant role in many developing countries. Public education expenditure allows an assessment of the priority a government assigns to education relative to other public investments. It also reflects a government's commitment to investing in human capital development."
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"Years Covered and Frequency of Update:"
"The World Bank publishes the World Development Indicators each April. As of 2008, data are available for 1991 and 1998 to 2006 for most countries."
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"Methodology: "
"Education expenditure estimates are provided to the World Bank by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. UNESCO compiles their data from annual financial reports of central or federal governments and state, provincial or regional administrations."
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"GDP at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. "
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"Country data were obtained directly from the World Bank without manipulation. However, regional and income-based aggregates are computed by WRI. These aggregates may differ from those produced by the World Bank as WRI does not impute missing values in calculating aggregates. In addition, WRI uses different regional classifications and uses income aggregates that are based on the current, rather than data-year, income-group membership."
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"Data Reliability:"
"For a variety of reasons education statistics generally fail to provide a complete and accurate picture of a country's education system. Statistics often lag by two to three years, though an effort is being made to shorten the delay. Moreover, coverage and data collection methods vary across countries and over time within countries, so comparisons should be interpreted with caution. A break in series exists between 1991 and 1998 due to change from International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 76 to ISCED97. Recent data are preliminary."
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"In some cases data refer only to the Ministry of Education's expenditures, excluding other ministries and local authorities that spend a part of their budget on educational activities. The World Bank cautions that these data do not measure the effectiveness or levels of attainment in a particular educational system. It also warns that returns on investment to education, especially primary and lower secondary education, cannot be understood simply by comparing current education indicators with national income. It takes a long time before currently enrolled children can productively contribute to the national economy (Hanushek 2002)."