EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database Results Provided by the World Resources Institute (http://www.wri.org) "Environmental Governance and Institutions -- Debt: Present value of debt as a percent of GNI" "Units: Percent (%)" ,,2006,2005,2004, Country "Afghanistan","AFG",18.3,..,.., "Albania","ALB",21.4,19.0,17.0, "Algeria","DZA",5.5,21.0,32.0, "Angola","AGO",33.0,59.0,68.0, "Argentina","ARG",67.5,73.0,159.0, "Armenia","ARM",29.2,36.0,50.0, "Azerbaijan","AZE",11.9,18.0,23.0, "Bangladesh","BGD",22.4,22.0,26.0, "Barbados","BRB",..,27.0,29.0, "Belarus","BLR",17.4,20.0,20.0, "Belize","BLZ",103.8,116.0,109.0, "Benin","BEN",11.6,23.0,24.0, "Bhutan","BTN",86.0,95.0,100.0, "Bolivia","BOL",19.9,38.0,38.0, "Bosnia and Herzegovina","BIH",42.8,52.0,34.0, "Botswana","BWA",3.5,5.0,6.0, "Brazil","BRA",26.3,34.0,47.0, "Bulgaria","BGR",73.5,68.0,83.0, "Burkina Faso","BFA",11.4,22.0,23.0, "Burundi","BDI",105.1,131.0,15.0, "Cambodia","KHM",47.7,58.0,68.0, "Cameroon","CMR",3.9,14.0,20.0, "Cape Verde","CPV",42.5,43.0,46.0, "Côte d'Ivoire","CIV",71.5,69.0,90.0, "Central African Rep","CAF",52.5,67.0,75.0, "Chad","TCD",22.8,31.0,33.0, "Chile","CHL",42.5,52.0,57.0, "China","CHN",13.9,14.0,15.0, "Colombia","COL",31.9,43.0,49.0, "Comoros","COM",54.2,56.0,70.0, "Congo","COG",108.0,156.0,331.0, "Congo, Dem Rep","COD",118.6,123.0,36.0, "Costa Rica","CRI",35.5,36.0,36.0, "Croatia","HRV",92.9,89.0,110.0, "Djibouti","DJI",41.7,42.0,45.0, "Dominica","DMA",84.4,86.0,84.0, "Dominican Rep","DOM",34.6,37.0,39.0, "Ecuador","ECU",51.5,60.0,70.0, "Egypt","EGY",28.1,36.0,32.0, "El Salvador","SLV",55.5,48.0,54.0, "Equatorial Guinea","GNQ",6.7,..,.., "Eritrea","ERI",48.9,57.0,53.0, "Estonia","EST",..,102.0,111.0, "Ethiopia","ETH",7.8,21.0,30.0, "Fiji","FJI",7.9,9.0,9.0, "Gabon","GAB",64.0,63.0,75.0, "Gambia","GMB",35.8,99.0,108.0, "Georgia","GEO",22.5,28.0,37.0, "Ghana","GHA",21.2,26.0,32.0, "Grenada","GRD",118.0,103.0,106.0, "Guatemala","GTM",17.9,20.0,23.0, "Guinea","GIN",57.7,35.0,45.0, "Guinea-Bissau","GNB",272.8,290.0,326.0, "Guyana","GUY",70.7,84.0,72.0, "Haiti","HTI",22.1,24.0,29.0, "Honduras","HND",24.5,37.0,38.0, "Hungary","HUN",99.6,69.0,76.0, "India","IND",14.6,16.0,18.0, "Indonesia","IDN",44.6,55.0,61.0, "Iran, Islamic Rep","IRN",10.2,13.0,9.0, "Jamaica","JAM",99.4,93.0,89.0, "Jordan","JOR",57.9,65.0,72.0, "Kazakhstan","KAZ",132.2,106.0,101.0, "Kenya","KEN",25.7,28.0,34.0, "Kyrgyzstan","KGZ",51.8,54.0,82.0, "Lao People's Dem Rep","LAO",86.6,63.0,76.0, "Latvia","LVA",135.0,104.0,110.0, "Lebanon","LBN",115.6,114.0,121.0, "Lesotho","LSO",25.1,32.0,44.0, "Liberia","LBR",1128.5,1087.0,760.0, "Lithuania","LTU",78.8,52.0,53.0, "Macedonia, FYR","MKD",49.8,40.0,39.0, "Madagascar","MDG",13.0,37.0,38.0, "Malawi","MWI",6.1,58.0,60.0, "Malaysia","MYS",39.4,46.0,53.0, "Maldives","MDV",49.6,43.0,42.0, "Mali","MLI",15.1,30.0,33.0, "Mauritania","MRT",92.8,117.0,57.0, "Mauritius","MUS",31.5,37.0,43.0, "Mexico","MEX",21.5,26.0,24.0, "Moldova, Rep","MDA",64.9,70.0,75.0, "Mongolia","MNG",42.8,63.0,86.0, "Montenegro","MNE",43.7,..,.., "Morocco","MAR",29.7,34.0,39.0, "Mozambique","MOZ",12.0,28.0,17.0, "Myanmar","MMR",46.6,..,.., "Nepal","NPL",27.2,34.0,37.0, "Nicaragua","NIC",29.7,46.0,35.0, "Niger","NER",8.2,25.0,25.0, "Nigeria","NGA",8.5,34.0,71.0, "Oman","OMN",16.3,14.0,18.0, "Pakistan","PAK",25.5,30.0,35.0, "Panama","PAN",76.8,90.0,94.0, "Papua New Guinea","PNG",34.7,55.0,66.0, "Paraguay","PRY",42.6,54.0,52.0, "Peru","PER",41.9,49.0,57.0, "Philippines","PHL",56.9,67.0,73.0, "Poland","POL",41.1,39.0,45.0, "Romania","ROU",58.4,51.0,51.0, "Russian Federation","RUS",33.5,40.0,46.0, "Rwanda","RWA",7.5,18.0,15.0, "Saint Kitts and Nevis","KNA",67.2,83.0,94.0, "Samoa","WSM",205.3,172.0,158.0, "Sao Tome & Principe","STP",13.2,175.0,185.0, "Senegal","SEN",14.1,34.0,22.0, "Serbia","SRB",51.9,..,.., "Serbia and Montenegro","YUG",..,69.0,77.0, "Seychelles","SYC",128.2,106.0,96.0, "Sierra Leone","SLE",9.9,40.0,37.0, "Slovakia","SVK",58.1,61.0,67.0, "Solomon Islands","SLB",43.4,50.0,58.0, "South Africa","ZAF",15.5,14.0,17.0, "Sri Lanka","LKA",39.6,48.0,50.0, "St. Lucia","LCA",42.8,58.0,62.0, "St. Vincent & Grenadines","VCT",67.5,71.0,64.0, "Sudan","SDN",76.6,88.0,151.0, "Swaziland","SWZ",21.2,24.0,27.0, "Syrian Arab Rep","SYR",23.2,27.0,101.0, "Tajikistan","TJK",35.7,41.0,41.0, "Tanzania","TZA",16.4,22.0,22.0, "Thailand","THA",30.3,32.0,35.0, "Togo","TGO",68.5,74.0,83.0, "Tonga","TON",28.8,34.0,33.0, "Trinidad and Tobago","TTO",..,24.0,31.0, "Tunisia","TUN",65.5,69.0,79.0, "Turkey","TUR",60.7,59.0,69.0, "Turkmenistan","TKM",10.9,16.0,.., "Uganda","UGA",5.5,29.0,33.0, "Ukraine","UKR",57.9,53.0,42.0, "Uruguay","URY",65.9,116.0,108.0, "Uzbekistan","UZB",26.0,34.0,45.0, "Vanuatu","VUT",19.0,21.0,35.0, "Venezuela","VEN",34.4,48.0,45.0, "Viet Nam","VNM",32.7,38.0,39.0, "Yemen","YEM",24.6,32.0,37.0, "Zambia","ZMB",9.2,29.0,36.0, "Zimbabwe","ZWE",110.3,85.0,33.0, Footnotes No footnotes Source "Development Data Group, The World Bank. 2008. 2008 World Development Indicators Online. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Available at: http://go.worldbank.org/U0FSM7AQ40." Technical Notes "Adapted from the World Bank's World Development Indicators" "" "" "Definition:" "Present value of debt as a percent of GNI is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the life of existing loans, expressed as a percentage of gross national income (GNI). This indicator is used to assess the sustainability of a country's debt service obligations, but there are no absolute rules that determine what values are too high." "" "Debt value is shown here as a percentage of gross national income (GNI). GNI (formerly gross national product, or GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. For full technical notes on GNI see http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/variablenotes_static.cfm?varid=213." "" "Years Covered and Frequency of Update: " "The World Bank publishes the World Development Indicators each April. For this data, only the most recent year is published; thus, this dataset has been collected by WRI over successive years. Users should bear in mind that past years may no longer be accurate, and that methodology may have changed over the years. As of 2008, WRI has collected data from 2004 to 2006." "" "Methodology:" "The main sources of external debt information are reports to the World Bank through its Debtor Reporting System from member countries that have received International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) loans or International Development Association (IDA) credits. World Bank staff calculate indebtedness of these countries using loan-by-loan reports submitted by them on long-term public and publicly guaranteed borrowing, along with information on short-term debt collected by the countries or collected from creditors through the reporting systems of the Bank for International Settlements and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). These data are supplemented by information on loans and credits from major multilateral banks, loan statements from official lending agencies in major creditor countries, and estimates by World Bank and IMF staff. In addition, private nonguaranteed debt data is either directly reported to the World Bank or estimated by its staff." "" "Debt data are reported to the World Bank in the units of currency in which they are payable. The World Bank converts these data to U.S. dollars using end-of-period exchange rates or annual average exchange rates, where appropriate." "" "The present value of external debt is calculated by discounting the debt service (interest plus amortization) due on long-term external debt over the life of existing loans. Short-term debt is included at its face value. The data are in U.S. dollars converted at official exchange rates. The discount rate applied to long-term debt is determined by the currency of repayment of the loan and is based on reference rates for commercial interest established by the OECD. Loans from the IBRD and credits from the IDA are discounted using a special drawing rights (SDR) reference rate, as are obligations to the IMF. When the discount rate is greater than the interest rate of the loan, the present value is less than the nominal sum of future debt service obligations." "" "For Guyana, Bolivia, and many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, data are from debt sustainability analyses undertaken as part of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative. Present value estimates for these countries are for public and publicly guaranteed debt only." "" "Data Reliability:" "Comparability of data among countries and years is limited by variations in methods, definitions, and comprehensiveness of data collection and reporting. For example, data for private debt are less extensive than those for public debt, as many countries do not report private debt through the Debtor Reporting System. Data for private debt are only included in the total when available."