| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions {a} | Brazil | South America | World | |
| (in thousand metric tons of CO2) | ||||
| Total Emissions, 1998 | 299556 | 801222 | 24215376 | |
| Percent change since 1990 | 48 % | 40 % | 8 % | |
| Emissions as a percent of global CO2 production | 1.2 % | 3.3 % | ||
| Emissions in 1998 from: | ||||
| solid fuels | 46676 | 83092 | 8654368 | |
| liquid fuels | 214776 | 485249 | 10160272 | |
| gaseous fuels | 12373 | 174278 | 4470080 | |
| gas flaring | 4304 | 18431 | 172208 | |
| cement manufacturing | 21427 | 40172 | 758448 | |
| Per capita CO2 emissions, 1998 | ||||
| (thousand metric tons of CO2) | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| Percent change since 1990 | 33 % | 23 % | -2 % | |
| CO2 emissions (in metric tons) per million | ||||
| dollars Gross Domestic Product {b}, 1998 | 401 | X | 773 | |
| Percent change since 1990 | 19 % | X | -10 % | |
| Cumulative CO2 emissions, 1900-1999 | ||||
| (in billion metric tons) | 7212 | 21230 | 933686 | |
| CO2 Emissions by Sector, 1999 {c} (in million metric tons of CO2) | ||||
| Public electricity, heat production, | ||||
| and autoproducers | 27 | 106 | 8693 | |
| Other Energy Industries | 19 | 79 | 1205 | |
| Manufacturing Industries and Construction | 87 | 183 | 4337 | |
| Transportation | 123 | 258 | 5505 | |
| Residential | 17 | 52 | 1802 | |
| Other Sectors {d} | 27 | 64 | 5640 | |
| Total Emissions All Sectors: | 300 | 742 | 27180 | |
| CO2 Intensity, 1999 | ||||
| Emissions per total energy consumption | ||||
| (metric tons CO2 per terajoule energy) | 41 | 46 | 56 | |
| Emissions per Gross Domestic Product {e} | ||||
| (metric tons of CO2/million $PPP) | 271 | 330 | 582 | |
| Non-CO2 Air Pollution, thousand metric tons | ||||
| Sulfur dioxide emissions, 1995 | 2050 | 7062 | 141875 | |
| Nitrogen oxide emissions, 1995 | 3870 | 6722 | 99271 | |
| Carbon monoxide emissions, 1995 | 61710 | 100454 | 852415 | |
| Non-methane VOC emissions {f}, 1995 | 5694 | 12143 | 159634 | |
| Multilateral Agreements Status as of September 2002 | ||||
| Data show the year each country ratified the agreement, unless labeled as "signed only". | ||||
| Kyoto Protocol | 2002 | |||
| United Nations Framework Convention | ||||
| on Climate Change (UNFCCC) | 1994 | |||
| Vienna Convention | 1990 | |||
| Other Resources: | ||||
| Sustainable Development Country Profile of the | ||||
| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: | ||||
| http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index.asp?subj=2&iso3= | ||||
| Footnotes: | ||||
| Some footnotes are not incorporated here. Please refer to the Data Tables section of EarthTrends for a full listing. | ||||
| a. Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). b. Constant US dollars. c. Source: International Energy Agency (IEA). | ||||
| d. Includes the commercial sector, agriculture, the public service sector, and international bunkers | ||||
| e. GDP is in 1995 international dollars, adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity. f. VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds. | ||||
| View more Country Profiles on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org | ||||
