Topic: oceans

This figure provides a summary of the four individual local threats (overfishing and destructive fishing, marine-based pollution and damage, coastal development, and watershed-based pollution) and the

Approximately 370 observations of coral bleaching were reported globally between 1980 and 1997, while more than 3,700 were reported between 1998 and 2010.

The world’s coral reefs cover an area of approximately 250,000 sq km, with the highest concentrations in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

One-eighth of the world’s population—roughly 850 million people—live within 100 km of a coral reef and are likely to derive some benefits from the ecosystem services that coral reefs provide.

The map shows estimated aragonite saturation state (an indicator of ocean acidification) for CO2 stabilization levels of 380 ppm, 450 ppm, and 500 ppm, which correspond approximately to the years 200

The map reflects the locations of thermal stress (i.e., abnormally high sea surface temperatures) on coral reefs between 1998 and 2007 based on coral bleaching observations (in purple) and severe ther

The assessment of social and economic vulnerability of countries and territories to reef loss is based on exposure to reef threats, reef-dependence, and adaptive capacity.

The assessment of reef dependence is based on reef-associated population, reef fisheries employment, nutritional dependence on fish and seafood, reef-associated export value, reef tourism, and shoreli

Map A (top) shows reefs classified by present integrated threats from local activities (i.e., coastal development, overfishing/destructive fishing, marine-based pollution, and/or watershed-based pollu

About 50 percent of the coral reefs in the Pacific region are at risk from local threats (i.e., coastal development, overfishing/destructive fishing, marine-based pollution, and/or watershed-based pol

About 50 percent of the coral reefs in the Pacific region are at risk from local threats (i.e., coastal development, overfishing/destructive fishing, marine-based pollution, and/or watershed-based pol

Nearly two-thirds of the coral reefs in the Middle East region are at risk from local threats (i.e., coastal development, overfishing/destructive fishing, marine-based pollution, and/or watershed-base

More than 65 percent of coral reefs in the Indian Ocean region are at risk from local threats (i.e., coastal development, overfishing/destructive fishing, marine-based pollution, and/or watershed-base

More than 75 percent of the coral reefs in the Atlantic region are at risk from local threats (i.e., coastal development, overfishing/destructive fishing, marine-based pollution, and/or watershed-base